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Electromechanical (ATSK) switching systems and analog transmissions among them |
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Insufficient switching infrastructure to meet the rising demands of less developed areas |
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High breakdown rates due to lack of high technology |
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Insufficient O&M Tools |
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High electricity consumptions of electromechanical switching systems |
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Rural Communities complain about:
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Poor voice quality |
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High number of call attempt failures |
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Unreliability |
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Lack of features |
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Telephone Operators are dissatisfied due to:
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Low revenues |
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Low successful call statistics |
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High O&M costs |
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Unsatisfied customers |
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Governments are concerned with:
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Alienation of rural community |
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Socioeconomic imbalance between rural and metropolitan areas |
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It is clear that overcoming all this annoying problems with analog and old fashioned systems is impossible. However, considering the fact that analog systems are widespread, replacing them with digital ones requires huge investments, this in turn slows down digitalization and make the technology cliff broader.

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